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One of the most confused claims made by Darwinists concerns
the randomness of evolution by
natural selection. It is obvious that Darwin’s theory is about
evolution by accident, but since the improbability of this begins to demand some
account we are given a revision in the works of Richard Dawkins where it is said
that while mutation is random, natural selection is non-random. This odd way of
restating Darwinian assumptions about chance is a suspiciously convenient change
in the original meaning of the terms used, and seems little more than a
rhetorical finesse designed to throw critics off guard. As Dawkins notes in
Climbing Mount Improbable, “It is grindingly,
creakingly, crashingly obvious that if Darwinism were really a theory of chance,
it couldn’t work. You don’t need to be a mathematician or physicist to that an
eye or a haemoglobin molecule would take from here to infinity to self-assemble
by sheer higgledy-piggledy luck.” But it is quite as obvious that
Darwin’s theory
is one of chance, so we are done.
[i]
Non-random evolution
We should consider that ‘non-random evolution’ means, although not exclusively
and open to further definition, and requiring an exemplar instance, a driving
process, associated with a force or determinate principle of sufficient reason,
operating, perhaps like a feedback or other device, externally, and possibly
acting to transcend continuity in space and time (geographically or in
discontinuous succession). Redefinition as an internal or immanent process is
also possible, but invokes something unknown and unintuitive. References to
‘macroevolution’ often invoke a variant of this thinking.
Dawkins proposes that the problem is resolved by the
accumulation of small steps, then bets his argument on a completely incorrect
analogy to computer programming. Again, as Hoyle observes, chance wouldn’t even
get a single polypeptide straight, and nothing in genetic programming has ever
solved this problem. Beyond the hype, it would cause a feeding frenzy in the
stock market if any computer program was found to do what is claimed. It would
revolutionize industry. We would certainly know that this was the case! Instead
we see a sheepishly heuristic wishfulfilment at work in the Darwinian
mythological fantasy world.
The simple fact is that Darwinism really is a theory about
chance! Dawkins proposes to embrace the theory’s fatal flaw by changing the
terms of discussion. The term ‘random’ has changed its meaning. The problem is
that while natural selection might be non-random in the sense of its equivalence
to the process of adaptation, it is still random in the sense that there are no
macroevolutionary or directional processes over and above the incidents of
random mutation and, yes, random, directionless, natural selection. Detecting a
teleological process behind evolution would immediately force us to reconsider
the whole question. The problem is that teleology is an abstraction. We need to
observe, or attempt to detect, the representation of teleology in nature. But
the very examples claimed, incremental small changes, might show a directional
representation of teleology.
[i]
Richard Dawkins, Climbing Mount
Improbable (New York: Norton, 1996). The Law of Higgledy-Piggledy
comes from Sir John Herschel, in a famous quote by Lord Kelvin.
We can no more accept the principle of arbitrary and
casual variation and natural selection as a sufficient account,
per se, of the past and
present organic world, than we can receive the Laputan method of
composing books (pushed à la
outrance) as a sufficient one of Shakespeare and the
Principia.
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